Saturday, December 21, 2019

Effects Of Age Segregation On Children - 1192 Words

In a world for teenagers, there is high school. Attending these high schools are millions of students who are all so diverse. In the U.S. today, the adolescents are more isolated from adults and children outside of their age group than ever before. Age segregation has created a youth that is different from adult culture in its values and attitudes. Society is constantly changing from generation to generation causing teenagers to rely on one another to teach them things that adults cannot. Adolescents have survived using many different mechanisms; by creating groups to cling to, the use of drugs, and any other outlet that they can find. Up until around the 1930’s the typical adolescent spent more time with adults and children of different ages. Some countries are utterly circled around the values of family and the importance of depending on each other. In America the adolescents don’t value family as much as other cultures do in some countries. Comparing ourselves with adolescents that occupy India, they spend an increased 25 percent of their time with family members. The causes of the wedge drove between Americas’ adolescents and adults are: child labors restricted adolescents’ participation in the world of work, the rise in maternal employment, and that between two to six million adolescents come home from school before their parents come home from work. This wedge becomes increasingly more gaping with every generation. During the mid-1800’s they began ‘Age grading’,Show MoreRelatedThe Letter From A Birmingham Jail865 Words   |  4 PagesCafeteria† by Beverly Daniel Tatum, race relations are a main topic. While King writes about the effects and injustices of segregation, Beverly writes about the causes of self-segregation. 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This phenomenon appears to be a primary factor influencing social and cognitive development during childhood and early adolescence. The peer-reviewed article discussed in this paper focuses on gender cleavage in addition to age-related variances and sex differences during mi ddle childhood. Peer-Review Article: The main point of the article is to analyze cross-sectionalRead MoreSegregated Children in the United States Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesSegregated Children From the 1880s to about the mid 1960s segregation had taken over American cities and towns. Segregation is the act of setting someone or something apart from other people or things. In America, African Americans were segregated from White people. Segregation was a result of the abolishment of slavery twenty-five years before. Whites still wanted to feel superior to the Blacks, and without slavery to chain them down, they decided to begin segregation by establishing Jim CrowRead MoreJim vs. Apartheid Essay661 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen in existence for a very long time. The time of segregation of black people in America is proof of this differences. During this time black people have been regarded as second class civilans. The laws that were created during this time had the purpose of restricting black people from achieve anything in life and these laws were called Jim Crow Laws. Those laws were mainly used in the southern and border states of the United States. But segregation did n ot only happen in the US, it has occurred inRead MoreThe Effect Of Doll Tests On Brown V. Board Education Decision1052 Words   |  5 Pages EFFECT OF DOLL TESTS ON BROWN V. BOARD EDUCATION DECISION BRADLEY A. SMITH JOHNSON COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY Date Introduction Doctor’s Kenneth and Mamie Clark were psychologists who conducted several experiments in the 1940s. The most famous of these experiments were colloquially known as doll tests. They were aimed at studying the psychological effects of discrimination or segregation on African American children. In this test, the psychologists used

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Mandatory Vaccination free essay sample

Hence, there has been political issue (since this is â€Å"linked to some vision of reordering society†) on immunization against the government whether they should enforce mandatory vaccination; especially in country where the health-care is regulated by the government (Dickerson, Flanagan amp; O’Neill, 2008). The purpose of this paper is to support the stance of voluntary vaccination program in which the government should respect individual rights and freedoms according the Code of Ethics as well as Charter of Rights and Freedom, while providing the best informed resources about immunization to the public. Vaccines are promise of protection for everyone regardless of age; however, individuals’ decision on vaccination should be respected, particularly in democratic countries. Immunization/ Vaccination Bacteria, germs, and virus are the source of infections which are widely spread. Potter and Perry (2010) stated that immunization is the process by which resistance to a transferable disease is formed or improved via vaccination. With vaccine injections people are protected from diseases and improve body’s immune system (Public Health, 2007). According to the Unite for Children (2012), â€Å"immunization works by tricking the body into believing it is experiencing a full-scale invasion by an infectious agent so that the immune system can fortify its defenses†. When the vaccine is injected, dead microorganisms known as antigens are introduced to the body and the immune system fight against the antigens by producing â€Å"disease-fighting substances† known as antibodies (World Book, 2012). Subsequently, a â€Å"memory of this ‘invasion’ remains so that the immune system can quickly recognize and neutralize disease-causing agents when they appear† (Unite for Children, 2012). According to Potter and Perry (2010), common uses of immunizations have brought dramatic decline in infectious diseases since the 1950s and proved the rationale why it is the most important factor in health promotion from newborns to seniors. It is true that vaccination provides health promotion and disease prevention, but several lethal downsides have been identified as side effects. Points of the Argument Examination of existing contents reveals two main arguments to be supported or opposed in the question of whether vaccination program should be mandatory. Beliefs and Values of Democracy. Opponents of voluntary vaccination program argue that it is the state’s responsibility to take care of public’s health by establishing mandatory vaccination. However, in democratic countries where the government â€Å"in which the people rule themselves† such as in Canada, individual rights and freedom are valued and such values are protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom (Pocklington, 1994). According to the legal rights in Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom, everyone has the right to life and liberty (Department of Justice, 2012). If the government set up mandatory vaccination program by taking away the promise of the rights to life and liberty from the individuals leaving them with no freedom and liberation, this would violate the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom under the Canadian law. Some individuals do not acquire vaccination or any immunization according to their religious beliefs. Moreover, when vaccination becomes mandatory to everyone, this would interfere with and violate individuals’ â€Å"freedom of conscience and religion† as recorded in the Charter of Rights and Freedom (Department of Justice, 2012). Since the policy of mandatory vaccination contravenes the rules of the Charter of Rights and Freedom, until now no government policy has established mandatory vaccination under the Canadian law. Ethical Concern. In public health care in which the system is regulated by the government, health care providers such as nurses are obligated to comply with the regulations and rules such as Code of Ethics in the health care system. Health care providers are obligated to promote and respect informed decision- making of their clients (Canadian Nursing Association, 2008). Especially, according to the Code of Ethics, â€Å"nurses are ought to recognize, respect and promote a person’s right to be informed and make decisions† (Canadian Nursing Association, 2008). They should be able to respect â€Å"the right to refuse or withdraw consent for care or treatment at any time† (Canadian Nursing Association, 2008). However, if immunization becomes mandatory, the nurses (as union workers) would be violating the Code of Ethics and implementing unethical practice by enforcing treatment to their clients. In health care: The most important right that patients possess is the right of self-determination, the right to make the ultimate decision concerning what will or will not be done to their bodies. This right, embodied in the informed consent doctrine, has a critical and essential corollary: the right to refuse treatment (American Journal of Public Health, 1983). Edda West (coordinator for the Vaccination Risk Awareness Network) stated that it is important to be cautious and â€Å"always be left to the discretion of the patient, or the patient’s parents in terms of a minor† when dealing with invasive and insidious â€Å"medical procedure of any kind that carry a risk of injury and death† and especially vaccinations â€Å"should never be made mandatory because they carry the risk of injury and death and are essentially ‘experimental’† (as cited in Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2011). Experimental does not necessarily refer being experimented on human life since it is unethical and an illegal act; but it signifies the potential lethal consequences that released vaccines may generate. Social concern. Supporters of mandatory vaccination program may argue about bringing forth more improvement of disease prevention by enforcing everyone getting vaccinated. Dr. Ian Gemmill (past chair of the Canadian Coalition of Immunization Awareness and Promotion) stated that â€Å"There are some circumstances, like schoolchildren [and] for sure, health care workers, where there are compelling arguments that can be made and should be respected around requiring people to be immunized. But it’s not true for every single vaccine and every single circumstance. † (as cited in Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2011). For instance, special circumstances for someone â€Å"who works in a health care service should be required to be vaccinated on the grounds that they are in a position to put vulnerable people at risk and could be knocked out during a pandemic† (Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2011). It is agreeable to certain extent vaccinations are required to specific population such as health care employees to prevent the spread of disease during the outbreak. However this does not mean every single individual in Canada must be vaccinated by enforcement of mandatory vaccination program. Government’s Interference with Decision-Making of Individuals. Some may argue that the public is not capable of making accurate decision regarding immunization or vaccination. Therefore mandatory vaccination should be enforced to everyone for disease prevention and health promotion. However there are no proofs of the public making unintelligent decision, especially when it comes to matters of dealing with their health. It is undeniable in certain circumstances where individuals are misinformed about various aspects of vaccination and decide to wait longer or some may never get vaccinated. In this case, individuals must be able to separate the facts and fiction about immunization and make right decisions for their selves. For instance, there are claims about vaccines being the cause of autism or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). However, Public Health Agency of Canada (2012) has stated that professional research committees in Canada and across nations have examined reports of severe results over long periods of time and they have found no proof of a link between vaccines and autism or any other illnesses. For people to gain true facts about vaccines, they need to reach credible researches from credible resources with current information from websites such as www. healthcanada. ca or updated new articles or news. Doctor Gemmill counters that governments and health care professionals must standardize the facts and untruths on the Internet (as cited in Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2011). The government may publicize a web site or health links with information on vaccination or any information on health promotion; moreover through the media as well. The government may also fund health promotion teams in the health care facility to educate and create programs similar with ‘Tobacco free kids’ for parents and individuals through school or work. Ultimately by gaining access to accurate information and credible resources, it is up to the public to be immunized or not. Ever since vaccination has been produced, it has proven itself of being effective in preventing disease and in health promotion. This also indicates that, even if the vaccination is not mandatory, the majority of the population choose to get immunized and prevent diseases. Therefore, mandatory vaccination is not necessary to maintain health promotion since individuals are left to make right choices for their own good. With adequate and truthful information about immunization, mandatory vaccination program is unnecessary to persuade the majority to be vaccinated. Conclusion. Immunizations are among the victorious public health involvement in preventing â€Å"morbidity, mortality and health care costs† (Salmon, 2002). Through immunization many lives were saved and were possible to preserve human race. It is true vaccination is effective in preventing disease and promoting health. However, individuals’ rights and freedom should be protected with respect according to the laws of Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom as well as the Code of Ethics. Enforcing mandatory vaccination program means carrying out an illegal act by violating the laws mentioned above. The government is entitled to provide its citizens with adequate information on immunization for better health promotion and disease prevention.

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Award and Graduation free essay sample

My Most Embarrassing Experience People have feelings, happy, sad, shy, nervous, or embarrassing. I’m sure everyone has had an experience before or even now! Everyone feels. Have you ever had a feeling similar to the above? If you were happy, you must have been laughing or enjoying what you were doing! If you were angry, you had a specific reason. If you were shy, like me today, scared to present. But my point is, have you felt embarrassed? Have you felt so embarrassed before that in that moment you wanted to completely disappear, and it was killing you. Well that’s what I had felt a couple years ago. Not too long actually, I remember it like it was yesterday. I had my most embarrassing experience in middle school when I was 13. It was the summer of June like every other school; graduation was right around the corner. Graduation came sooner than we had thought. We will write a custom essay sample on Award and Graduation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was the morning of graduation and all the staff was setting up, the senior band rehearsing for our graduation song, parents fighting for a better view, security pulling aside parents to confiscate horns others hiding them in between layers of clothes, and students nervous for what was yet to come. It was about 20 minutes into the graduation, the moment everyone had been waiting for, handshakes, hugs and certificates. I was sitting at the front beside the stage. They had sat us down in alphabetical order according to homerooms. Anyways, they were giving prizes, announcing certificates, and handing out special awards. They said my name well at least I had thought I had heard my name. So I went up to get my award and it turned out it had been this other girl, I had heard the wrong name! Oh! How embarrassing! The worst was having to walk back to my seat because everyone was whispering about it. I did overhear one conversation and it was one of my friends. Well at least she was before that moment. I’ll never ever live that one down.